India stands at the cusp of a transformative mobility shift powered by electric buses. As cities struggle with pollution, congestion, and fossil fuel dependency, the government’s massive e-bus rollout marks a pivotal move. But behind this headline shift lie bigger questions of readiness, integration, and long-term impact. The government’s latest move under the PM-E-DRIVE scheme—the rollout of 10,900 electric buses across key metropolitan cities—signals more than just procurement. It reflects India’s intent to electrify its public transportation backbone. But as the wheels begin turning, deeper questions loom: Is the infrastructure ready? Are the business models sustainable? And can this initiative truly transform the chaotic urban commute into a clean, efficient, and scalable ecosystem?
Tender Overview
On June 27, 2025, Convergence Energy Services Ltd (CESL) issued a tender calling for the deployment of 10,900 electric buses under the PM-E-DRIVE Phase 1 program. The cities benefiting from these buses are Bengaluru (4,500 buses), Delhi (2,800), Hyderabad (2,000), Ahmedabad (1,000), and Surat (600). In the GCC model of bus deployment there will be a net $U.S partnership with each city in a gross cost contract for 12 years with specified annual mileage over the term. This tender is part of the larger PM-E-DRIVE program, budgeted for ₹10,900 crore, aimed at decarbonizing public transportation.
Why It Matters
Public transportation is the backbone of urban centers in India. However, the diesel-powered fleets are one of the biggest contributors to urban air pollution and carbon emissions. Cities are already experiencing historically high pollution levels, and the addition of e-buses is a direct intervention in addressing air pollution levels, decreasing dependence on fossil fuels, and supporting India in meeting its net-zero goals. Utilizing electric buses will also lead to quieter streets, and lower operational cost over time, and more of a pioneer step toward digitalized, data-driven transportation systems.
Larger Cities, Larger Challenges
Though this is exciting, there will be operational and infrastructure obstacles to overcome.
- Infrastructure preparation: Charging infrastructure is still very limited in many cities. Creating depots to fast-charge buses will take money and planning for battery operation.
- Grid readiness: High powered charging at depots will add new demands to existing distribution networks. Are local DISCOMs even ready for this demand?
- Land: Establishing bus depots in densely populated urban locations is a logistical headache. Adding charging infrastructure will complicate things even more.
- Fleet management: Public transport undertakings (STUs) will need digital solutions to track, monitor, and optimise these e-buses.
Moving From Diesel to Data: The Tech Transition
The transition is not just technical—it is digital. Each e-bus comes fitted with telematics, GPS, and remote monitoring. Fleet operators will require new skillsets to understand battery diagnostics, energy consumption, and route optimization metrics. Reliability is a huge aspect, and both the 9-meter and 12-meter buses come with service distance guarantees of 64800 km and 72000 km respectively. Battery innovations, namely fast charging, swappable battery packs, and smart scheduling of battery charging, will be important to potential operational success.
GCC Model – A Double-edged Sword?
The Gross Cost Contract, which shifts ownership and maintenance responsibility of buses to operators who are paid on a per-kilometer basis by the government, will shift the financial risks away from STUs. However, it limits operator profit margins and shifts not only operational risks to private operators. Clarifying revenue potential under various scenarios for delays in payments or changes in operational capacity is needed. While it is readily apparent that GCC is capable of launching services in the interim – any future changes to policy, must allow for greater partnering via PPP models that create balance in the sharing of risk and reward among all stakeholders, including both private operators and the public sector.
Local Manufacturing & Economic Impact
This could catalyze the domestic EV manufacturing ecosystem. Bus OEMs, battery manufacturers, and component manufacturers have a unique opportunity to scale. Local production is not just a cost advantage, it means jobs across regions. Cities such as Pune, Chennai, and Hyderabad – that already produce EV components – will benefit from increased demand.
Global Context: India in Perspective
India’s e-bus movement is impressive in volume but sub-optimal in execution. By contrast, China has more than 500,000 e-buses on the road. Europe is also rapidly electricifying its bus fleets, in many cases spurred by regulatory mandates and financial incentives. India can leapfrog these deployment barriers, learning from the global lesson of high CapEx, poor standardization, and charging station backlog.
Policy, Pricing & Long-Term Planning
Finally, for sustained momentum, policy signals will help. Tariff rationalization for e-bus charging, quicker approvals of bus depot infrastructure, and dedicated energy storage assistance (e.g., BESS integration) will help projects roll out smoothly. Moreover, state-level alignment on permits, routes, and electric grid upgrades is necessary. CESL’s role must evolve from aggregator to enabler of ecosystem-wide coordination.
India’s 10,900 e-bus tender under PM-E-DRIVE is more than a procurement project—it’s a test case for large-scale electrification of urban infrastructure. If executed right, it could mark a turning point in India’s urban transport evolution. The future of commuting isn’t just electric—it’s integrated, intelligent, and inclusive. The road ahead is long, but this journey may finally lead Indian cities into a cleaner, quieter, and more efficient tomorrow.
